Friday, May 31, 2019

Essay --

Database Security Database security is a critical Domain of computing machine and Information Security that deals with protection of an individual infobase or group of database from illegal access, injections or possible destruction. Data can be a customers information, intellectual property, monetary asset or any number of other records that can be arrested and managed on a system. Without Database security people are at stake of identity fraud, theft, destruction of property and much worse. The global costs of such security breaches runs from over a billions of dollars yearly, and the cost to individual companies can be extreme, sometimes disastrous. One of the most popular method for protection of database includes storing a backup in a secondary location or datacenter. The Advantage of storing backup in secondary location is the process of restoration and damage prevention in case of data destruction or disaster at Primary cum . A firms dat abase infrastructure often contains the most important data and are subjected to a wide range of attacks. Some of the threats to database security are excessive and unused privileges, SQL Injection, DoS etc. Excessive and Unused privileges is when someone in the firm is granted database privileges that exceeds the requirement of their job function, these privileges may sometime be abused. A good example for Excess and Unused Privilege can be a University System Administrator whos primary function is to maintain student information, but due to excessive privileges could potentially have access to modification of Students grades. Another example could be of an employee with access to gentle resources database access, leaving the organization i... ... The use of takeout devices are causing most of the organizations to deal with higher risk from hackers gaining access to sensitive data. Database are mainly targeted by attackers since it contains high volume of imp ortant and potentially critical data. The best way to overcome these risk are through storing important information as backups and securing data transmission over public network. Organization should set up firewalls between companys intranet and internet in order to block any orthogonal device access into the network . With all being said organization should continuously educate their employees about the risks and keep a track and secure the portable devices used by IT personnel. If such security measures are implemented by an organization they can ensure that critical and important information could be little susceptible to vulnerabilities.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

How to Train for Football :: Papers

How to Train for Foot swelling In football you should warm up because if you dont most of your muscles could be damaged during a match e.g. your Gastrocnemius could strain up and you would be in a lot of pain. A good warm up should include Running a distance and stretches from your head to your toes or the other way round cause most of the muscles stool be injured and you use them in a match, so they should be warmed atomic reactor after a match so that you dont get cramp, most parts of the body are used like the arms for the throw ins, your legs and feet for kicking the ball and your stomach muscles for twisting and turning away from other or opponents. What is circuit training? Circuit training is a method of training. A circuit normally has 8 to 15 stations, where at each station a different exercise is carried out for a certain amount of time. Circuit training can improve muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, aerobic fitness, muscular s trength, speed and agility. A circuit-training course may also be designed for a certain sport. Circuits for this utilization will include exercises to improve all the muscles and skills associated with the sport. Example A circuit training program for basketball should include skills like jumping, catching or throwing. Specificity My circuit-training program is for football and it is based over a six-week period. The 10 stations are specifically suited to what is needed to play football. The Circuit is specified for an outfield player as there are no goalkeeping skills involved in this circuit. My circuit is aimed to improve the following over a six-week period muscular endurance, muscular strength, speed, agility, cardiovascular endurance, andball skills. These are all needed for an outfield football player. For example sizable Endurance - To keep the muscles contracting for the full length of the match without them becoming tired or weak. Mu scular Strength - the force your muscles exert when they contract.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

How The Internet Got Started :: essays research papers

How The Internet Got StartedSome thirty years ago , the Rand corporation , Americas formost coldwar prize tank, faced a strange straegic problem. How could the US authrietiessuccesfully communicate after a nuclear war?Postnuclear America would need a comand-and-control network, linked from city to city , state to state, base to base . But no matter how throughly thatnetwork was armored or protected , its switches and wiring would always bevulnerable to the refer of atomic bombs. A nuclear attack would reduce anyconceivable network to tatters. And how would the network itself be commandedand controlled ? Any underlying authority, any network central citadel, would bean obvious and immediate target for man enemy missle. The center of the networkwould be the very first place to go.RAND mulled over this grim father in deep multitude secrecy, and arrivedat a daring solution made in 1964.The principles were simple . The networkitself would be assumed to be perfidious at all times . It would be designedfrom the get-go to tyranscend its all times . It would be designed from theget-go to transcend its own unrreliability. All the nodes from computers inthe network would be equal in status to all other nodes , each node with itsown authority to originate , pass , and recieve messages. The messages would bedual-lane into packets, each packet seperatly addressed. Each packet would beginat some undertake source node , and end at some other specified destination node. Each packet would wind its way through the network on an individualbasis.In fall 1969, the first such node was insalled in UCLA. By December 1969,there were 4 nodes on the infant network, which was named arpanet, after itsPentagon sponsor.The four computers could even be programed remotely from the other nodes.thanks to ARPANET scientists and researchers could share bingle anothers computerfacilities by long -distance . This was a very handy service , for computer-time was precious in the early 70s. In 1971 ther were fifteen nodes inArpanet by 1972, thirty-seven nodes. And it was good.As early as 1977, TCP/IP was being used by other networks to link toARPANET. ARPANET itself remained fairly tightly controlled,at least until1983,when its military segment broke off and became MILNET. TCP/IP became morecommon,entire other networks fell into the digital embrace of the Internet,andmessily adhered. Since the software called TCP/IP was public domain and hebasic technology was decentralized and rather anarchic by its very nature,it asdifficult to stop people from barging in linking up somewhere or other.

Comparing Carbon Footprints of Nike and Timberland Shoe Companies :: Business and the Environment

Our group is interested in comparing the carbon footprints of dickens major clothing brands, Nike and Timberland. For comparison, we utilise statistics provided by the companies through their public Responsibility Reports. These Responsibility Reports have been reviewed by reliable third party committees. We found that Americans procure on average 8 pairs of shoes every year. This translates to about 7,142,094,187 CO2 tonnes released into the atmosphere every year, in addition to the rest of the worlds population. bounder see the math on the left menu bar for the calculations. In relation to Nike and Timberland, we are interested on investigating their impact on the world. Their worldwide dominance and fast business rates are sure to have large carbon footprints and our project is aimed at calculating their total impact. We also worked to check out the carbon emissions per shoe in order to learn of each companys efficiency. As s hoes are a basic necessity for groundbreaking life, it is satisfying to learn of their environmental effect.To calculate the carbon footprint emitted from shoes purchased in the unify States, we used our population of 304,696,851, as of July 26, 2008. 8 pairs of shoes per individual is described in the report by the American Apparel and Footwear Association. Each shoe manufactured emits about 2.93 CO2 tonnes Population In the United States 304,696,851Average Shoes per person per year x 8CO2 emitted per pair x 2.93Grand Total of CO2 due to shoes in US =7,142,094,187 During our research, we found that Timberland and Nike had both published their complete responsibility reports. This made them simple to compare. However, these reports are the year 2005, so the information is to be used solely as a comparison and not an updated reference. Nike reported 1.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Black Plague Essay -- essays research papers

Living in europium in the middle of the 1300&8217s would have been heartbreaking and dreadful. non only were the living conditions very poor but there was an unknown disease that was wiping out a large percentage of European population. One cannot count on the fear of wondering whether you or someone you loved was going to catch this deadly disease. No explanation would make a person feel gum elastic from catching it or dying with it. The mint of Europe just lived their lives as best they could realizing that nothing they do could ever stop this. They did not have the strength to stop this it was far too beyond them. This unknown disease is known as the Bubonic Plague. The plague was passed among many rodents by fleas. Most of the rodents were rats. Fleas living on the rat&8216s blood would eject the disease into the rat causing it to die quickly. When there were no rats left around, the flea would search for a new host, much(prenominal) as a human. When an infected flea bit the human the bacteria multiplies quickly causing death within a few Days. One a person obtains this disease they can easily spread it among other humans by bacilli coughed or sneezed in to the air or by human fleas.The plague had stricken other parts of the world before it was first reported in Europe. The disease had been found in China and throughout India around 1332. Nomadic horsemen may have carried the plague westward between China and the Black Sea, where it apparently spread into Russia. Rumors had spread to Europe about the strange and terrible things happening in the East. Europeans began fearing this plague not knowing of its origin or cause. Eventually, the same unusual things started to occur in Europe and the plague was then reported to be in Europe. As the bubonic plague spread across Europe it was called many names. Italians were dying by the thousands so they called it the Great Death. The Spanish called it Moroccan Fever, while Moroccans called it crapper Feve r. Most Europeans called it the Italian Fever or Italian Pestilence. It was not until later when the plague was called the Black Death. Black in Latin means dreadful, unlucky, and gloomy. This and because of black spots on the skin of many plague victims led the people to associate the word black with the plague. There a... ... servants or even people they loved. Poor people living in crowded, dirty towns and cities fled from those who came down with the disease. Wives abandoned sick husbands parents deserted their diseased children. The sick were left to die and the dead was left unburied. Things in Europe were getting worse by the day. Until the day that so many died off that the few left were healthy.Before the plague, Europe had been severely overpopulated and almost in a great economic depression. Most of the land that could be farmed on had been abused. This make it difficult to grow food. After the plague ran its course food shortages grew even worse. many a(prenominal) of the survivors were reduced to eating cats and dogs. Some went too more extreme by eating their own children. The plague had seemed to solve the problem of population but it made worse the food and economic situation. Life for these people went on but was not enjoyed. Changes were to come but it seemed to take forever. Fear, horror, and death was known well by most of these people and the sorrow and despair for these people will never be forgotten.

Black Plague Essay -- essays research papers

Living in atomic number 63 in the middle of the 1300&8217s would have been heartbreaking and dreadful. Not only were the living conditions very poor only when there was an nameless sickness that was wiping out a large percentage of European population. One cannot imagine the fear of wondering whether you or someone you love was going to catch this deadly disease. No explanation would make a person feel safe from catching it or dying with it. The mess of Europe just lived their lives as best they could realizing that nothing they do could ever stop this. They did not have the power to stop this it was far too beyond them. This unknown disease is known as the Bubonic Plague. The plague was passed among many rodents by fleas. Most of the rodents were rats. Fleas living on the rat&8216s blood would eject the disease into the rat causing it to die quickly. When there were no rats left around, the flea would search for a new host, such as a military personnel. When an infected flea bi t the human the bacteria multiplies quickly causing death within a few Days. One a person obtains this disease they can easily spread it among otherwise humans by bacilli coughed or sneezed in to the air or by human fleas.The plague had struck other parts of the world before it was graduation reported in Europe. The disease had been found in china and throughout India around 1332. Nomadic horsemen may have carried the plague westward between China and the Black Sea, where it apparently spread into Russia. Rumors had spread to Europe about the strange and terrible things happening in the East. Europeans began fearing this plague not knowing of its origin or cause. Eventually, the same unusual things started to occur in Europe and the plague was then reported to be in Europe. As the bubonic plague spread crosswise Europe it was cal conduct many names. Italians were dying by the thousands so they called it the Great Death. The Spanish called it Moroccan Fever, while Moroccans called it Mountain Fever. Most Europeans called it the Italian Fever or Italian Pestilence. It was not until later when the plague was called the Black Death. Black in Latin means dreadful, unlucky, and gloomy. This and because of black spots on the skin of many plague victims led the heap to associate the word black with the plague. There a... ... servants or even people they loved. Poor people living in crowded, dirty towns and cities fled from those who came down with the disease. Wives toss away sick husbands parents deserted their diseased children. The sick were left to die and the dead was left unburied. Things in Europe were getting worse by the day. Until the day that so many died off that the few left were healthy.Before the plague, Europe had been severely overpopulated and almost in a great economic depression. Most of the land that could be farmed on had been abused. This made it difficult to grow food. After the plague ran its course food shortages grew even worse. Many o f the survivors were reduced to eating cats and dogs. Some went too more(prenominal) extreme by eating their own children. The plague had seemed to solve the problem of population but it made worse the food and economic situation. Life for these people went on but was not enjoyed. Changes were to come but it seemed to take forever. Fear, horror, and death was known well by most of these people and the sorrow and despair for these people will never be forgotten.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Intimate Apparel Synopsis

Tommy DelZenero Intimate Apparel Feb 6th, 2013 The character I really tried to focus on while reflexion Intimate Apparel was George, the man from Panama. I thought he was the best instrumentalist on the stage that night, but thats non saying in addition much. For the first half of the play, the actor performed a monologue with the spotlight solely on him. After the break, the actor participated in scene work with multiple characters. George in the storyline is a man who works a very physically demanding crease digging canals in Panama.He one day decides to write a garner to Ester, the unmarried woman who works with fabrics, and he immediately takes a liking to her. They exchange letters for ab come forth six months and then it happens- George sends her a letter proclaiming his sock and asks Ester to be his wife. She replies and says she would love to he surveils a few weeks later for the wedding. Off the bat when they met, it seems to be a little awkward they had never met an d barely knew separately other. Over time, they got closer due to their proximity but ruttishly they grew distant.George doesnt seem to be the romantic that Ester had originally talked to. Also, she finds out that he has been cheating on her. He ends up taking her money and leaving Ester. There were a lot of good things that the actor did throughout the course of the play that I start out been taught to do as well. He knew his lines for the most part, his inflection changed at appropriate times, and he used a lot of good happen motions and other gestures. Also, in the first half of the play (before the intermission), the actor played a roll in which he was very romantic and sweet.When he recited the letters, he was satisfactory to come across as a very well together and in love man. I genuinely thought he was being sincere and original to Ester. Later in the play, George became very distant and withdrawn. He became a cheating man without morals, who was selfish and inconsidera te. The actor was able to portray two different extremes in the same play, and he did a pretty good job making the transition. I think this would be hard to accomplish, but he was effectively able to do so. Another effective part in the play was the anger the man who played George was able to show.At the scene in the bedroom talking to Ester, he stomped around, making a certain amount of noise without drowning out his own vocals. Throughout the journey of the theater performance, he made a lot of hand gestures and facial expressions that showed me how he felt he let me feel his emotions. With that said, George didnt have a flawless performance. For the most part, I thought it was poor performing but he did well relatively speaking as I addressed above. With that said, it was hard to understand him half the time. At certain parts it seems he wasnt exactly sure of his lines.He stuttered at parts that didnt call for stuttering it wasnt apart of the script. That just comes down to memor ization. Additionally, the actor lost the role at one point, letting out a smirk mid-scene. That smile kind of threw the audience actors must be in character at all times. Physically, the actor made the audience believe he was a physically worn man. From the clothes he wore to his whole demeanor. His facial expressions showed exhaustion while speaking from Panama, his constituent was strong but tiresome and showed uncertainty. When he came to the contiguous United States, his physical appearance changed.Although he was not in Panama any longer, his true root came out in the way he spoke and the heavy accent he placed on his words. George became better dressed and modernized this led to an emotional change as well. Emotionally speaking, in the beginning of the play George was such a smooth talker he was a sweetheart who was very coaxing and manipulative. The inflection George had in his voice was very sincere. He showed his charm and passion through the words in his letters (even t hough they turned out to not be his own words). Regardless, he made Ester fall in love with him and want to see him.He seemed genuine. In person though, he wasnt so loving. George showed his hardheartedness and rudeness in his cheating and dialect towards Ester. He showed anger by the way he stomped about the bedroom and stormed out of rooms. He showed his impatience by the way he knocked at the door, so hard and so loud. There were subtle things that couldve been done better, but the emotion was attempting to be displayed. Intellectually the actor had a few different motives. The first half of the play the audience thought George was all about love and being Esters husband.After the intermission, his true colors came out and he became a money hungry hustler. Throughout the play, the character George had many different emotions and types of person he had to show. The actor did a pretty decent job with his faces and body language that he performed. I thought overall, he did an okay job and the play was interesting. I enjoyed watching the storyline play out, though the playing couldve been much better. It seemed as though the performers were not prepared to act in front of an actual audience. With that said, I look forward to seeing other productions in the future.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Black Culture and Black Consciousness in Transition Essay

Negative ConstructionFrench Marxist thinker, Louis Althusser, established a critical theory which illuminates how and why myths and ideologies are constructed passim time and history. In his celebrated essay, Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses, Althusser makes a convincing argu manpowert in concerns with political orientation and its influence on individuals or subject which are created through specialized institutions (i.e. religious, educational, political, and family, trade union, communication, et al.). Althusser aptly declares that, Ideology is a representation of the imaginary kinship of individuals to their hearty conditions of existence (Althusser, 1994). In addition, Althusser wants to clarify the significance of ideologies imposed on individualsIdeology is conceived as a pure illusion, a pure dream, i.e. as nothingness. All its cosmos is external to it. Ideology is thus thought as an imaginary construction whose status is exactly like the theoretical status of the dream among writers before Freud on that point is a cause for the imaginary transposition of the real conditions of existence that cause is the existence of a small number of cynical hands who base their mastery and exploitation of the community on a falsified representation of the world which they have imagined in order to enslave other minds by dominating their imaginations (1496, 1499).Now amaze Althusserians notion on the construction of ideology and apply it to the myth of the the Statesn dream. Within the socio-historical context of the American dream, the idea that people can puzzle with little more than determination and cunning and leave a legacy of wealth and accomplishment is perhaps the near persistent hope for Americans. As an ideology constructed over history, the subjective/cultural/social construct of the American dream shapes how many Americans see their successes or failures and, equally significant, demonstrates the many contours of U.S. society. For Afr ican-Americans (including women and ethnic groups), however, were not to the full assimilated into every aspect of American society, especially since the American dream ideology specifically referred or geared towards white males, for several reasons.If we look at American history, filthys (like women and other minorities) had dreams of obtaining equal rights and independence that was privileged to the common man. The slaves were constantly being told to postpone or wait-for their freedom would come. Even the declaration of independence states all men are created equalendowed by their creator with certain inalienable rightsamong those life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, but the slaves of this time were disappointed because this defining of all men excluded blacks. In fact, it excluded pretty much everyone, except white men with land.In this postponing of freedom, slavery, discrimination, racism, Jim Crow laws, sharecropping, riots and so on. Thus the American dream, to quo te from Langston Hughes, has been deferred. Deferred because blacks had to wait, delegate to others who could promote change. Since most minorities were not fully integrated into American life, some managed to successfully pass by within the rigid structure of society. Case in point, macon of a sudden and rapper Shawn Carter (aka Jay-Z) should be interpreted as accultrationist rather than assimilationist with respect to the American dream for several reasons.First and foremost, the term civilisation carries three definitions it is seen as the knead of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure, all the knowledge and values shared by a society and, lastly, the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture. Ultimately, acculturation is the obtainment of culture by an individual or a group of people. The latter two definitions, however, provide greater insight into Macon Deads characteristic as an acculturationist.Living in an unjust capitalist syste m, resides in an era where most Americans failed to acknowledge the presence of blacks (and other minorities) by deliberately and blatantly pass frivolous laws and regulations. Macon Dead, as a patriarch/hard-nosed businessman, is defined as an individual of substance who has acquired property in which he rents to black underclass tenants. Consequently Macon Dead is described in the context of trying to emulate and adopt similar behavior patterns from white society considering America excluded blacks (and other minorities) in every conceivable way (i.e. socially, politically, cultural, etc). For instance, Morrison carefully describes Macons appreciation for materialistic possessions in another scene when the rest of his family takes an field day on Not Doctor StreetThese rides that the family took on Sunday afternoons had become rituals and much too important for Macon to enjoy. For him it was a way to satisfy himself that he was indeed a successful manMacon Deads Packard rolled s lowly down Not Doctor Street, through the rough touch off of town (later known as the Blood Bank because blood flowed so freely there), over the bypass downtown, and headed for the slopped white neighborhoods. Some of the black people who saw the car passing by sighed with good-humored envy at the classiness, the dignity of it (Morrison, 32).This scene illustrates Macons ability to purchase a wealthy vehicle (i.e. Packard) which functions as a means of communicating, achievement and opulence to the public. Therefore in order to achieve this myth/ideology/concept of the American dream, Macon Dead truly has to abandon himself and, equally significant, his true identity by emulating the hated white people of America around that time. Macon Dead is less(prenominal) sympathetic to his own culture by taking a white mans role (i.e. dominant culture) as a cutthroat businessman which also solidifies his reputation as an outsider within the black community.In the contemporary context, Jay-Z is the postmodern version of what constitutes an acculturationist by virtue of the tap aesthetics (whereas rear end Coltrane, Miles Davis or any black jazz musician can be defined as the modernist version of accultrationist). William Eric Perkins, author of the rap attack, details the influence of knock culture and its signification towards inner-city teens and America (in particular, African-American and Latino kids) Rap music and hip hop cultures ongoing bewildering love/hate relationship with American society requires a fresh evaluation of the role street culture plays in the continuing evolution of American popular culture (Perkins, 1).As Jay-Z was raised from the underprivileged neighborhoods of Brooklyn, especially at a time where hip-hop (as an urban phenomenon) reached its second wave of talented MCs from the inner-city neighborhoods of South Bronx, Harlem, and throughout NYC (with the likes of LL Cool J, Kool Moe Doe, Big Daddy Kane, Eric B and Rakim, KRS-One, A Tribe C alled Quest, De La Soul, Ultramagnetic MCs, to name a few), Jay-Z understood the integral relationship between hip-hop and street life by adopting certain behavior patterns within the musical genre.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Factors for Going Public Through an Ipo Essay

When an organization is private they have decisions to make. sacking public through an initial public offering, or IPO is one decision they coffin nail lead. When way out through an IPO there is going to be sum upd uppercase. A public offering give allow a lodge to raise capital to use for various corporate purposes such as working capital, acquisitions, interrogation and development, market placeing, and expanding plant and equipment (FindLaw, 2013). Other advantages of choosing an IPO would be liquidity, increased prestige, valuation, and increased wealth. WeaknessesEven though going public has some advantages, it displace also have some disadvantages too. The time and expense is probably one of the biggest disadvantages with this choice. It foundation take over a year and much money for fees to even start the process of an IPO. Other disadvantages to going public through an IPO would be disclosure, decisions based on carry price, regulatory review, falling stock price , and vulnerability. Disclosure is another(prenominal) part that can be costly when starting an IPO. That means that the organization has to make all financial records available to the public. OpportunitiesGoing public is a way to increase public sentiency of the fellowship. The company will have more exposure of its intersection point line. This awareness will increase sales because the product will be introduced to a new-fangled group of potential clients. An opportunity to increase clients will have an increase in market share. Investors will have a positive reaction to the company as it increases its market share. ThreatsAs a public company, there will be accounting practices that will need to be met. The SEC requires public companies to comply with the regulations. The cost to comply with SEC regulations can be expensive in addition to the regulations the SOX Act will require an external accounting firm to audit the company adding additional cost. Since Lafleur will now be operating as a public company, they will have the pressure to perform for the market. The actions of the companys management also become increasinglyscrutinized as investors constantly tactile sensation for rising profits. This may lead management to perform somewhat questionable practices in order to boost earnings (K. Balasubramaniam, 2009).Factors for acquiring another organization in the same industry StrengthsAn organization can also acquire another organization in the same industry. A major strength with acquiring another organization is that Lafleur Trading Company would be the owner of both organizations and would hold the power of both at the same time. The new organization loses its power and sometimes even loses the name. Acquiring another organization might be done to save the original smaller company while boosting sales for the larger company. If Lafleur would choose to keep the client list of the new organization it would be strength for them and those clients. The clients would still be able to receive the same products, but under new owners. With the new organization being in the same industry Lafleur would not have to buy any additional equipment for the new product. They could just bring the product over to their buildings. WeaknessesAcquiring another organization has its weaknesses too. Customers can become upset over this because they want to be loyal to the previous owners over the newer ones. Lafleur would have to profit a premium to the affiliate of the organization to keep the customers happy (if they can) and without upsetting cash flow. OpportunitiesThere is opportunity in a companys strengths. Lafleur can take advantage of the successes the acquired company has accomplished in the areas of product, marketing, research and development, and staffing. They can also avoid mistakes that have been made in the past. Using a synergy strategy in this process of acquisition will require Lafleur to be knowledgeable in the operations of the new company. ThreatsThe threat of acquiring another company in the same industry is in its customer base and product line. Lafleur may not be gaining new clients or offering new or improved products. The sales team may be making the same sales calls to the same customers the other company. In this scenario,Lafleur will be gaining the companys debt without the benefit of expanding resources for future growth. Merging with another organizationStrengthsMergers are different than acquiring a new organization because when two companies merge they work together instead of taking full control of the weaker company. Mergers can help both organizations while also benefiting the public. The new firm will have increased market share, which reduces competition (Economics Help, n.d.). The merger will help financially because the company will get a better interest rate for the size. Efficiency is strength for mergers because the companies can bring the more experienced employees from both organi zations together. An important strength of a merger is having diversity between the two original organizations. Other strengths would be research and development, avoiding duplication, and regulation of monopoly. WeaknessesMergers have weaknesses just standardised any other choice to expand the organization. Mergers mean higher prices for products because competition is cut when two organizations become one. A merger also means fewer choices of products for customers. One of the biggest weaknesses for a merger would be fewer jobs in each organization. This means that Lafleur would have to let go of some of their employees while the organization it mergers with would have to also let go of some. The employees that are left might experience diseconomies of scale. This means that the employees will feel like they are part of a big corporation and their motivation will start to go away. OpportunitiesOpportunity lies in a merger with a larger well known company. Lafleur will gain the ex perience of growth from a larger company. There is also the opportunity of better benefits, salaries, increased revenue, and the expansion of offices in other markets. There must be research to be done to choose a company that will aid in future growth. This company will need to be a worthy partner and not a company that needs a lifeline to survive. ThreatsIf a company does not have a growth opportunity on its own, it will not have growth opportunity when it merges with another company. The threat of Lafleur not benefitting from shared resources can result in failure for both companies. Another threat to a merger is mis-management. If the other company is poorly managed, Lafleur will suffer with unrealistic strategic goals, poor communication, and uncertain future success. It is because of these reasons that most companies do not experience more than one merger in their lifetime, they usually fail.Balasubramaniam, K. (2009). Advantages and Disadvantages for a Company Going Public. R etrieved from http//www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/ipoadvantagedisadvantage.asp

Friday, May 24, 2019

Mcdonald’s Business Strategy Essay

, Inc. 11410 N. E. 124th Street 223 Kirkland, Washington 98034 USA O 425-822-3106 C 206-257-9839 TimothyMcDonald guidance. com Table of Contents s call optionywag 3 Page 5 Page 6 Page 9 Page 11 Page 12 Page 16 Page 18 Page 21 Executive Summary Our Business Plan The grocery Defined humanness View buffer Program (Ethiopia) go outed commercialize Sh be Market dodging Promotion Competition The bottled Water Industry Product Development Four Keys Norit Ultra-Filtration System (Perfector E) solar Powered Modules persona configuration and assemblyThe Patented 20-liter Tamper-proof Bottle Organizational Development USAgua Partner displace Program US Home Office einsteinium Africa Central Assembly Distribution (Operators to Owners) Mile Stones Financial nominatements Sales Projections power Budgets Cash Flow Projections Income Statements Projected Expense Statements Projected 2 Executive Summary W e atomic number 18 now in a gear up to profitably enter into the lucrative and expanding worldwide commercialize for pure, clean, estimable imbibition piss supply. We afford developed and leave alone introduce to the world, the concept of baseborn community technical pee purification systems.We call our systems USAgua vestal Water cells. Each of our Kiosks is capable of taking in 8,000 liters of dangerously polluted raw wet both side really day and, through the technologically phenomenal process of ultra-filtration, they process that unhealthy weewee into in force(p), clean, purified crapulence pissing. Our systems are containerized, modular, solar powered and ultra- sepa lay outed they function completely off-the-grid. Our markets are the vibrant, sophisticated, bleak emerging middle-classes of the developing world. These middle-class niches represent over one billion people and their numbers are growing daily.These people realize the importance of safe drinking peeing for themselves and their families but, at the same time, they know that their governments are incapable of providing this roughly rudimentary need. What is important to our weapons platform is that these middle class families are financially capable of paying for our water. The proof is the fact that they now consume literally tens of millions of gallons of bottled water every yr. Our competition is the bottled water industry and, very soon, we lead deal a substantial piece of that market.The harvest we sell is clean, pure, safe drinking water. How we produce, market and sell our product is through our USAgua Pure Water Kiosks Program. Our Kiosks are a melding of two wonderful technologies just now coming into their own. The first is called ultra-filtration. Picture a bundle of spaghetti sized perforated tubes through which polluted water is handle under pressure. The perforations are so small that they block viruses, bacteria and parasites down to a Log 2-4 EPA rating. This means that the water we sell is 99. 99% pure or better when it l eaves our system.And, because the filters require only back-flushing instead of costly filter replacements, the long-term be are minimized. The entropy basic technology we befool employed is Solar Power. Our Kiosks, including all the necessary pumps, batteries, electronics and lighting requirements quarter short using a Solar Power package conventioned specifically for our needs. The initial costs of the solar option are steep, but the long term reliability, the fact that we dont depend on any(prenominal) outside sources of energy and the nearly-maintenance-free specifications we confine developed, dumbfound them a perfect fit in developing countries. Our ultra filtration systems and our solar power systems have been rigorously field tested by their manufacturers. Our own design engineers have melded the two technologies together, combined them with our storage tanks and lab gear and integrated them seamlessly into our retail USAgua Kiosks. After a final prototype cultiva tion programme, our manufacturers testament ship their modules to our USAgua Central Assembly Plants in our target markets. We impart use local technicians to retrofit universally available freight containers and perform final stack awayation and assembly. one time our Kiosks are complete, they get out be delivered to our Operators in the field. Our guidance Team will locate, recruit and train local Operators in our various Target Markets. In time, our Operators will be given the chance to own their own USAgua Kiosk, thus allowing us to tap the entrepreneurial energy and spirit that can be found in spite of appearance individuals in every corner of the world. Our USAgua Operator program will ensure our market position and stability through world-wide name branding, equipment standardization, standardized maintenance routines and universally accepted accounting procedures.With the help of some very smart engineers we have developed the concept of our USAgua Pure Water Kiosks. At the same time, we have put together together a business model that takes the best of the American business concepts we are so proud of and we, very carefully, introduce them into the potentially lucrative new middle-class markets of the developing world. Our financial package is strong. Our assumptions and our projections are right, our research is up to date and our key players are heavy on some(prenominal) education and real world experience. We are ready to take the next giant step forward.To that end, we are asking to secure a US $2,200,000 Investment package so that we can bring our USAgua International Program to fruition. Please, feel free to call me anytime for more information or clarifications. Sincerely, Timothy McDonald 4 Our Business Plan The institution Wide Market Defined Of the 6 billion people in the world today, over 3 billion1 live either totally off-the-grid or in communities not serviced by safe, dependable water systems. Families within this demographic , no matter their frugal level, are left vulnerable to water borne diseases including viruses, parasites and bacteria.The negative social and economic repercussions of not having access to safe, clean drinking water are immense. Some United Nations reports have gone so far as to predict that safe drinking water will be as economically significant as oil within the next decade2. We intend to be a galactic player in solving the drinking water problem. We have intentional both our USAgua Water Purification System and our Business Model to be universally adaptable. Our equipment and our business model will function beautifully in the suburbs of Nairobi, along the Yangtze River in China and in the mountains of northern India.Anywhere there is both a source of water (no matter how polluted) and an open view of the sun, our USAgua water purification systems will work. Anywhere there are energetic and entrepreneurial individuals who aspire to a better life for their families, our USAgua Operator network will prosper. At the Macro scale, our market is unlimited. Good business practices, however, dictate that we start small and grow carefully. We will introduce our program to a small, representative market we are familiar with. One that can be easily documented and controlled.In our cowcatcher Market we will learn a great deal from both our successes and our mistakes. at one time we have field proven both our equipment and our business model, we will enter additional markets with much greater knowledge and enthusiasm. _________________________________ It is very important to understand that we are in competition with the Bottled Water Industry in all aspects of our program. The statistics and the markets for bottled water, world wide, are the statistics and markets relevant to USAgua. _______________________________________ 1 2 United Nations Development Program Report August 2008United Nations Development Program Report August 2008 5 Our Ethiopian Pilot Program and Our Share of the Market For several reasons, including a thirty year professional involvement in East Africa, we have chosen the dry land of Ethiopia to establish our Pilot Program. The Ethiopian Market Defined Population (millions) 2007 Population growth (annual %) Life expectancy at birth (years) Literacy rate GNI (US $ billions) GNI per capita (US $ ) 78. 6 2. 6 55. 0 38. 5 19. 4 220. 0 The United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) acquired these statistics Health of creation using better drinking-water sources, 2006, total 42 (cut and facing pages from the UNICEF 2008 Report) These UNICEF statistics prove us that there is a large segment of the Ethiopian universe of discourse that understands the need for safe water. The definition of improved drinking-water sources, however, does not channelize the tint of the water. It only documents the fact that the water has been drawn from a centralized source and is conveyed to the end user via an established distribution network either municipal water systems, tanker trucks or bottled water.The water may or may not be processed. It may or may not be safe. The step of both the tap water and the bottled water in Ethiopia is suspect due to poor infrastructure maintenance and a lack of Health Department regulation enforcement. 3 3 UNICEF Annual Report 2006 6 The Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (CSA) estimates that currently 4. 18% of the households, nationwide, have access to community water systems and lights-out within their homes. Ethiopia Total 2004 2. 2 2006 2. 7 2008 3. 3 Current 4. 18 (cut and paste from the 2008 CSA Report)This means the vast majority of people considered to have access to improved drinking water sources are using tanker truck delivery (very dangerous) or bottled water. (78. 6 million X 42%) 4. 18% ) = 31. 4 million people drink non-tap water. ) The CSA also publishes a quarterly retail price listing for nearly every commodity found in Ethiopia. In 2008 the ordinary cost per liter of bottled water was 6 birr. (Ethiopian currency) BEVERAGES NON ALCOHOLIC Ambo mineral Water 500cc 3. 00 3. 00 3. 00 3. 17 3. 00 3. 00 2. 50 3. 00 2. 96 2. 50 3. 00 3. 00 2. 50 2. 5 Bure Mineral Water 500cc (cut and paste from the 2008 CSA Report) (Or US $0. 48/liter at the current exchange rate) The CSA has not been able to estimate a total volume of bottled drinking water produced or consumed. We have been told many reasons for this lack of statistical documentation. The most plausible is the lack of government oversight and a huge black market for recycling local water in used plastic bottles. This is a very dangerous practice and one the central government has taken do to stop. 4 A few assumptionsW e are going to assume, in the interest of simplifying our Business Plan, that within and near the cities of Addis Ababa, Mekele, Bahra Dar, Nazerit and Awassa ( a total population of over 27 million ) there is a need for 27,000,000 liters of pure, safe drinking water every day. (27,000,000 X 365 years = nearly 10 one thousand thousand liters per year) (One liter of safe drinking water per day is the World Health Organizations minimum requirement. ) 4 Ethiopian Health Ministry 2008 7 Our Pilot Program Cities 10% Purchase Vicinity of Population Addis Ababa 15,375,000 15% Purchase 20% Purchase 5% Purchase Bottled Water at US $0. 50/liter Bottled Water at US $0. 40/liter Bottled Water at US $0. 30/liter Bottled Water at US $0. 20/liter 1,537,500 2,306,250 3,075,000 3,843,750 Nazerit 3,580,000 358,000 537,000 716,000 895,000 Bahri Dar 1,790,000 179,000 266,850 355,800 447,500 Awasa 1,430,000 143,000 214,500 286,000 357,500 Mekele 4,825,000 482,500 723,750 965,000 1,206,250 27,000,000 2,700,000 4,050,000 5,400,000 6,750,000 $1,350,000 $1,620,000 $1,620,000 $1,350,000 $492,750 ,000 $591,300,000 $591,300,000 $492,750,000 Population Market Value Market Value Per Day Per YearOur Pilot Program Market Our Pilot Program Market focuses on five major cities in Ethiopia. We can take a very conservative but aimd guess that 15% of the 27 million population is capable of purchasing 1 liter of drinking water every day for US 0. 40/liter. (about a billion and a half liters per year pauperization) 1,248,000 liters (62,400 20-Liter USAgua Bottles) is the annual sales figure we have projected for each of our USAgua Kiosks. Or less than one tenth of one percent (. 001%) of our Pilot Program middle class Market Demand. Our Kiosks are actually capable of physically producing ,920,000 liters of safe, clean drinking water annually, but for budgeting and logistical reasons as surface as a conservative margin of safety, we are building our Business Model on a 1,248,000 liters/year basis or a 4,000 liters per day sales capacity, six days per week. The total cost to our USAgua Kiosk Program to produce, bottle and sell safe, clean drinking water is less than $0. 10 per liter The universal laws of supply and want would tell us that we could c ompletely dominate the Bottled Drinking Water Industry in our Pilot Program Market.By assuring two things Highest Quality, Lowest terms we should expect to capture a substantial share of this huge market while at the same time realizing a very profitable die on investment very quickly. It is not difficult to imagine 40 USAgua Kiosks working profitably within Ethiopia within two years of start-up. 8 Market Strategy The Market for pure, clean, safe drinking water already exists. It is large, growing and lucrative. Our dominant piece of that worldwide market is what we will develop. Branding W e own the internet web domain and the trade marked name, USAgua.We are now in the process of building a comprehensive website that will address everything from the biology of parasites, bacteria and viruses to the science of removing those contaminants from our drinking water. It will show how important safe drinking water is to individuals, societies and economies. It will differentiate our USAgua Water Purification Kiosks from our competition, the bottled water industry. Our website will play very closely in East Africa. Since the election of President Obama, a new, very pro-American, attitude has emerged. America and all things American are now very popular.Our USAgua Kiosks provide safe drinking water at standards equal to or better than our American EPA standards for domestic drinking water. In East Africa, they swan our standards and want that same high quality for their families. Our Kiosks are create in American national colors. The USA in USAgua is meant to emphasize our American root and our American standards. When a USAgua Kiosk is delivered to an African community our customers will feel that part of America has arrived. Our USAgua 20-liter plastic bottles are designed to be used and re-used and re-used by the family to which they are assigned.The boldly branded bottles can not be refilled by anyone other than our Kiosk operator. Our branded one-liter pe rsonal bottles will be carried with pride on the streets of our communities. The name, USAgua, will be synonymous with American high quality and good health. Lower retail pricing W e know there is a large and growing demand for safe, pure drinking water. On the macro scale this is evidenced by the rise of the bottled water industry in every city and village in the world. In Ethiopia, our Pilot Program Market, we know the retail price of a liter of bottled water is US$0. 48.The laws of supply and demand dictate that as the price is lowered, the demand rises. The cost of our water, including all business related expectations, is less than US $0. 10 per liter. We will price our product to increase both the quantity sold and the profit generated. 9 Flyers and Brochures Distributed Locally . And a billboard or two Because each of our USAgua Kiosks are designed to satisfy the drinking water demand of only 400 families per day, (we are saying 10 liters per family per day) the geographic m arket area for each of our Kiosks is small, (by design) less than one square kilometer. front to our Kiosks arriving at their final destinations, a local flyer and brochure campaign will saturate the area to introduce our program. Community meetings will be held to educate members of our market and sell our products. A large colorful bill-board will be erected so that people will begin identifying our branding. 10 Competition The Competition for our Pilot Program Market (and every other market in the developing world, for that matter) consists of a handful of legitimate Centralized Water Bottling and Distribution Companies as well as black-market water bottle recycling scams.The government is now in the process of both adopting new quality standards for all bottled water convinced(p) they are developing the means to enforce those standards. Because none of the major international bottled water producers (Danone, Nestle, and Coca-Cola) have entered the African markets, statistical d ocumentation is lacking for total ware and demand. We do know a few things, however. First is that the existing legitimate bottled water industry depends on centralized plants that are, by definition, saddled with the tremendous costs associated with transporting heir product to market. Plus, they must purchase plastic bottles that will be used only once, but then become potential competition as those same bottles are refilled on the black-market and resold. We also know that the end user of bottled water is becoming much more sophisticated. They know full well the problem with boot-legged water and in most cases have gone back to boiling local water (at a tremendous expense in fuel) sort of than purchase suspect bottled water. The Bottled Water Industry is not the answer for the Developing World. 11 Product Development .. some historyFor generations, scientists around the world have known that viruses, parasites and bacteria are present in much of the water we drink. They have al so known that these tiniest of creatures are the source of the water borne diseases that have plagued military man since Lucy stood up on her two legs and peered over the tall grasses of the African Savannah. Personal Note McDonald was stationed in the full Valley of Ethiopia in 1973-75 only 20 miles from where Lucy genus Australopithecus afarensisr was discovered. On several occasions his Agricultural School and Farm hosted Lucys rcheologists. They appreciated the water system he had developed that pulled water from the muddy Awash River and provided them safe, pure drinking water. In the developed world, from our largest cities to our smallest villages, our technology has solved the problem of purifying our waters. In America, we long ago realized the importance of safe water to the overall health and well being of our society. It was so important to previous generations that they mandated our government to set and enforce the highest water standards in the world.Our municipal and community water systems now process and distribute a dependable flow of amazingly inexpensive water to the homes of every citizen. The success of America is due, in no small part, to the overall health of our people. And, the overall health of our people is, in no small part, due to our wonderful communal water systems. On the macro scale, the per gallon cost of water in America is very small a penny or two a gallon at the most. The reality is, however, that a water purification plant and a distribution network are tremendously expensive to develop and operate tens of millions of dollars.And, the technical sophistication necessary to manage these systems is overwhelming to any but the most advanced economies. For so many reasons (economic, political, cultural, technical) there is little hope that the vast majority of people in the second and third worlds will ever be able to build and maintain the water systems necessary to provide safe water for their people. Even now, as a b urgeoning middle class emerges, the central governments are powerless to act. The problem is just too large and the costs too high. 12 Product Development . the Stars byplay UpThe USAgua Pure Water Kiosk Program isFour Components. The product we sell is clean, pure, safe drinking water. How we produce, market and sell our product is through our USAgua Pure Water Kiosks Program. Our Kiosk Program brings together four independent but equally important physical components. Namely Ultra-Filtration, Solar Power, Retro-fitted Freight Containers and Keyed, Tamper-proof 20-liter Bottles. 1. Ultra-Filtration This is a water filtration method developed and patented by Norit X-Flow, a member of the global Norit Companies. Norit is headquartered in theNetherlands with sales offices throughout the world including one just outside of Chicago. Ultra-filtration is unclouded to visualize. Picture a bundle of spaghetti sized perforated tubes through which polluted water is pumped under pressure. Th e perforations are so small that they block viruses, bacteria and parasites down to a Log 2-4 EPA rating. This means that the water they process is 99. 99% pure or better when it leaves their system. And, because the filters require only back-flushing instead of costly filter replacements, the long-term costs are minimized.Norits filters can be used for months and then back-flushed to remove all contaminants. The actual filters will last for years. Ultra-filtration is truly a marvelous breakthrough. One of the first applications that Norit X-Flow developed for its Ultra-filter technology was a very clever machine they call the Perfector-E Mobile Water Purification System. It was originally designed for emergency responders to be used in the aftermath of devastating natural disasters earthquakes, floods and hurricanes. The systems are small, strong and highly mobile.They can be transported and set up in any disaster area within hours. They are totally self contained and can draw and purify water from almost any source including undecided surface waters, local lakes, rivers, ponds and irrigation systems. The Perfector-E System can provide literally thousands of gallons of pure, safe drinking water per day to a disaster area under the most extreme conditions. And, there is another very positive aspect to Norits system. It is not a monstrous energy user. With some adaptations, we can actually run the systems exclusively on solar power. 13 2.The second basic technology we have employed is Solar Power. Our Kiosks, including all the necessary pumps, batteries, electronics and lighting requirements run perfectly using a Solar Power package designed specifically for our needs. Our solar energy system was designed by H-Dot Logic, a solar engineer caller-up here in Seattle. The initial costs of the solar option are steep, but the long term reliability, the fact that we dont depend on any outside sources of energy and the nearlymaintenance-free specifications we have developed, make them a perfect fit in developing countries. . Our Kiosks Our Containers. We have chosen to utilize universally available, standard steal 20 foot cargo containers as the physical basis of our Kiosk system. Containers are strong and secure. They are easily transported on any flatbed truck in the world, and once they are delivered to our overseas locations, they will serve as the actual retail Kiosk facility. Our in-house engineers have designed the retro-fit of the containers to well house all the various components in and around the retail shell.The solar panels, the gravel pre-filters, the external raw water storage tank, the internal finished water storage tank with the UV sterilizer, the Ultra-filter modules, the pumps, the battery packs, all the electronics and a water testing system are all neatly configured inside the container. In addition to designing the retrofit, our Kiosks will have a copy written exterior color and graphic scheme. The graphic scheme, once painted on our containers will provide a great advertising platform for our USAgua Brand. A prototype unit still needs to be assembled.USAgua Kiosk 0001, the prototype, will be assembled in Seattle, Washington. A careful documentation video of the specifications and assembly methods will be produced. This process will take about four months to accomplish. Once the first Kiosk is ready it will be shipped from the Port of Seattle to Ethiopia. Once in Ethiopia, USAgua 0001 will be delivered to our Central Assembly Fabrication facility. Our local prudence will use it to train a team of assembly mechanics. We will then begin purchasing containers on the local market and preparing them for the arrival of our click and Solar modules.Within a four month period, we will be assembling and delivering two complete USAgua units per month. 4. The Keyed-Tamper Proof Bottle Program One of the reasons the bottled water industry is not a good fit for the developing world is because the plastic b ottles are disposable. Each new bottle, when discarded becomes a potential rivalry as people refill the bottle and sell it on the black market. Our USAgua bottles are specially designed to discourage re-use by anyone but the family to which it was assigned. The bottles will have a tamper proof valve and seal that can only be refilled at USAgua Kiosks.This makes the bottles un-usable outside our network and assures our customers that the water inside our stamped and sealed bottles has not been counterfeited on the black market. Our prominent USAgua Logo on each bottle will help promote our brand where ever it is found. 14 Organizational Development xxx years of experience working in developing countries has taught us many things. One of the most important is that without a very involved and powerful Management presence on the ground, no program can succeed.For the success of any project in the developing world, including ours, it is vitally important that we back-up our 21st degre e centigrade technology with an equally robust Management and Operations Program based on centurys old tried and true Business Practices. We call our In-Country USAgua International Management and Operations Program Our Partnership Program. It is based on five powerful strategies 1. Recruiting the best and the brightest. Every developing country in the world has vibrant, honest, well educated, hardworking, entrepreneurs looking for an opportunity to improve themselves, their families and their communities.Our Country Director will identify and recruit these individuals. We will offer them a good basic family wage with the added incentive of merit-based pay raises. 2. In-Country Training for our Operators Our USAgua in-country Management Staff will train every recruit in Kiosk system functions, maintenance procedures, program hygiene, local marketing and program bookkeeping. Trainees will work with seasoned Operators during a six month apprenticeship program. If they prove themselves capable, they will be offered a position as an Operator or Operators Helper for one of our USAgua Kiosks. . In-Country Operations Management. We will have one Project Manager for every 10 USAgua Kiosk Operators. These Project Managers will visit each Kiosk Operator every month to make sure that the extremely high USAgua standards are being met and maintained. The PMs are also in charge of auditing and banking functions. at that place will be zero tolerance for bookkeeping errors. In addition to our Project Managers, we have a Maintenance Repair team that routinely visits each Kiosk making sure that no small maintenance problem becomes a big repair problem due to lack of Operator vigilance. 4.Advertising and Marketing Support Each Kiosk comes with an introductory advertising budget for local marketing. We will saturate any new locale with USAgua literature. In addition, our Staff will visit each Kiosk to conduct community seminars in water quality and family hygiene. 15 5. Operato rs to Owners Program After two years as a USAgua Operator we will offer some of our most gifted and hardworking employees the opportunity to purchase their own USAgua Kiosk. We are wholly convinced that there exists a universally powerful business strategy that assures the success of a program much(prenominal) as ours.This is called pride in ownership and we intend to tap that strategy to its fullest. Our US Office The home office of McDonald Management is in Seattle, Washington as will be the home offices of USAgua International, Inc. At the top of our organizational chart is the President and CEO, Timothy McDonald. Mr. McDonald has a BS in International Economics (minor in Civil Engineering) with Masters work in International Economics all from the University of Washington. He has been in and out of East Africa for over thirty years with our State Department as both an employee and an independent contractor.He will oversee day to day operations both in the US and overseas. Norit X-Flow International will provide the Ultra-filtration modules. H-Dot Logic will provide the solar package design and modules. R. L. Clark and Associates of Redmond, Washington will be in charge of Investor Relations, financial program development and implementation. Bahiru G. Egziabiher will be the Country Director in Ethiopia for our Pilot Market Program. He holds a Masters in Electrical Engineering from the University of Washington and has worked for Seattle urban center Light for over twenty years. Bahiru holds duel US and Ethiopian citizenship.Dalrymple and Associates will be in charge of our Kiosk design and equipment coordination. In addition his company has designed our logo, the graphic presentation of our USAgua name and our color schemes and themes. RedRover Marketing will be in charge of our website design, maintenance and hosting. Our Office in Ethiopia W e will lease a centralized office/warehouse facility in Addis Ababa where we will identify, recruit and train a tea m of assemblers and fabricators to retrofit our containers, install our filtration systems, our solar modules and our storage tanks.Our paint shop will brand each Kiosk with our name, our logo and our color scheme. 16 Bahiru Egziabiher, our Country Director, will be in charge of our Ethiopia operations including the central warehouse and assembly facility. He will oversee the assembly of two complete USAgua Kiosks per month once we get underway. McDonald and Exziabiher and, eventually, a small team of Project Managers, will identify, recruit and train a Network of USAgua Operators. These Project Managers will be responsible for assuring the high standards of training, maintenance, product quality and accounting standards for each of their Network Operators.Within two years there will be 40 Kiosks producing pure water in Ethiopia. in that location will be one Project Manager for every ten Kiosks. Our Operator Network is the key to our program. Once our USAgua Operators are identifie d and recruited, they will go through a thorough training program. They will serve a two year apprenticeship and then, if they have proven themselves capable of maintaining our extremely high standards, they will be given the opportunity to own their own Kiosk. In this way we will tap the entrepreneurial spirit of those who will make our entire program a success.How Hard is it to Enter the Ethiopian Market? The World Bank ranks countries world wide by their Ease of Doing Business. Of the 183 countries rated, Ethiopia ranks 107. In comparison, Egypt is 106 and Kenya is 95. Since 1993 when the people of Ethiopia aloof their previous communist government and replaced it with one decisively more moderate and business friendly, the new leadership has striven to open its economy to a more capitalistic model. In the past 10 years, Ethiopia has been gradually re-writing its constitution in an attempt to open new markets and stabilize its business community.These efforts have paid off. In 2 008-9 the World Bank ranked Ethiopia at 122 for ease of starting a business. This year they are ranked 93. And, they are getting better every year. The quest statistics are all from the World Bank. Ease of doing Business 107 Starting a Business 93 Dealing with Construction Permits 60 Employing Workers 98 Registering Property one hundred ten Getting Credit 127 Protecting Investors 119 Paying Taxes 43 Trading Across Borders 159 Enforcing Contracts 57 Closing a Business 77 Summary of Indicators Ethiopia Starting a Business Procedures (number) 5Time (days) 9 Cost (% of income per capita) 18. 9 Min. capital (% of income per capita) 492. 4 17 Dealing with Construction Permits Procedures (number) 12 Time (days) 128 Cost (% of income per capita) 561. 3 Employing Workers Difficulty of hiring business leader (0-100) 33 Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 20 Difficulty of redundancy index (0-10) 30 Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 28 circumlocution costs (weeks of salary) 40 Registering P roperty Procedures (number) 10 Time (days) 41 Cost (% of property value) 2. 2 Getting Credit Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 4Depth of credit information index (0-6) 2 Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0. 1 Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0. 0 Protecting Investors intent of disclosure index (0-10) 4 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 4 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 5 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4. 3 Paying Taxes Payments (number per year) 19 Time (hours per year) 198 Profit tax (%) 26. 8 Labor tax and contributions (%) 0. 0 Other taxes (%) 4. 3 Total tax rate (% profit) 31. 1 Trading Across Borders Documents to export (number) 8Time to export (days) 49 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1940 Documents to import (number) 8 Time to import (days) 45 Cost to import (US$ per container) 2993 Enforcing Contracts Procedures (number) 37 Time (days) 620 Cost (% of claim) 15. 2 Taking into account the above information provided by the World Ba nk, it will take McDonald Management about 90 days to secure all the necessary permits, licenses, patent protection registrations and lease agreements in Ethiopia. This will all be done earlier to our first Kiosk leaving the US. 8 Mile Stones First Three Months Investors have been identified and secured A US $2,200,000 credit line is opened Dalrymple Associates secures a short term warehouse lease where the prototype Kiosk will be assembled and the process documented. Norit X-Flow, H-Dot Logic and USAgua finalize specifications for the prototype filter/solar modules The USAgua Prototype is completed and Unit 0001 is prepared for shipment to Africa In Month One, McDonald and Exziabiher leave for East Africa to secure business licenses and leases.While in Africa McDonald and Exziabiher identify and recruit a team of mechanics and fabricators as well as a Project Manager. They identify the first five individuals for the USAgua Operators Network. Months 4 and 5 USAgua Kiosk number 00 01 is shipped from Seattle to Addis Ababa USAgua Seattle begins producing and conveyance filter/power modules to Ethiopia at the rate of 2 units per month. Containers are purchased and retrofitted in our Addis Ababa facility at the rate of 2 units per month.Assembly begins and the first delivery of a unit is accomplished. Months 6 -12 All elements of our program are coordinated and we are assembling and placing USAgua Kiosks in client communities at the steady rate of 2 units per month. Project Managers and Operators are continuing the training, quality control and apprenticeship programs. Month 13 W e achieve income/expense financial Break Even Month 24 The first 40 USAgua Kiosks are in place and working. The first USAgua Operator recruits are offered ownership of their Kiosks. 19 Business Plan SummaryW e are convinced(p) that a vibrant and lucrative market for safe, clean drinking water exists in every country of the world. We are also confident that we have the right Technolog y and Business Model to enter and eventually dominate those markets. To prove this, we are going to introduce 40 of our USAgua Kiosks into the Ethiopian market. There we will show that our technology is exactly right that each of our Kiosks can be operated and maintained profitably for years. And, that our Business Model is sound and worthy of the trust our investors have shown.We have developed a set of financial projections. These itemize the key elements of our program and put a dollar figure on their implementation. They show that an initial two year investment of US $2,200,000 will produce an operating income/expense breakeven within a year and actual profit by the end of the 40 Unit 2 Year Pilot Program. Anyone interested in viewing our Financial Report, please, call Timothy McDonald. He will be more than happy to send along our spreadsheets. Many Thanks, Timothy McDonald 206-257-9839 20

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Optical Illusion on Oedipus Rex and Othello

The theme of appearance and ingenuousness is such a dominant ane in Oedipus Rex and Othello, and the obsession with appearance conveys such an all important(predicate) part in bringing them closer to Oedipus and Othellos tragedy, that the plays can be termed a tragedies of appearance in human life, in which the opposite of appearance is integrity or reality. But this theme of uncertain vision is presented through different thematic expression in bith tragedies.Sophocles takes an internal element of character into consideration whereas Shakespeare asseverate a mixture of internal and external elements responseble fior the optical illusions of Othello and other characters in the play. At first it is on behalf of appearance that we see a battle waged in Oedipus red. As this battle progresses we see appearance losing more and more ground. The first stage in it is the institution of the divinely-instructed enquiry into the death of Laius, which means that the appearance of it that i t was the utilisation of outland robbers-is not trusted.Quite early in the enquiry, Oedipus is led astray by an appearance-that the robbers who were alleged to have attacked Laius must have been associated with Thebes, and the indecision that Creon must have at their back. the question points to Creon. Creon gives the appearance of evading it. The suspicion, he says, that unavoidably arose could not be pursued after the deed. Why not? The sphinx came for some time after this, to be sure, the suspicion seems to lie dormant. But the focus of attention is no longer on the scene of the crime, or the way it happened, but rather on those who were ultimately responsible, and Thebes. then(prenominal) suddenly, after the quarrel with the hostile and apparently malevolent prophet, the suspicion is confirmed, the connection among Creon and Teiresias is established, and the existence of a whole web of enmity stands corroborated as fact. Oedipus suspects that the robbers were bribed to play their part, and ultimately he thinks that both Creon and Teiresias were behind them. Thus the supposed existence of a plot to murder Laius is another appearance which leads Oedipus astray. So Oedipus is to become interested with appearances which it becomes his lifes mission to investigate, so that he may get at the underlying truth or reality.Appearance and truth come into regard also in the discussion of faulty vision of Oedipus. Another manifestation of Oedipus obsession with appearance is his intellectual myopia. He has a limited vision and is unable to assess the situations in a right perspective. Robert L. Kane (1975) arrogates this preposition in this way HeOedipus was the victim of an optical illusion. (p. 196) The juxtaposition between outward magnificence and inward sightlessness of Oedipus and the outward blindness and inward sight of the prophet (Kirkwood, p. 30) depicts two tokens of blindness i. e. physical and intellectual. One is related to physical sight wherea s the other, the most pernicious type of blindness, pertains to insight. Teiresias is physically blind but whereas Oedipus is blind intellectually. This intellectual blindness of Oedipus also contributes greatly to his believe in appearance rather than truth and ultimately leads him to his sad destination. Oedipus possesses faultless physical vision throughout play except in the end but he remains blind to the reality regarding himself.At one point in the play, he has the ability to see but he is not willing to do so. Additionally it is his faulty intellectual insight propose him believe in the apearence of some unknown enemy and he pronounces on him the sentence of outlawry and also uttes a curse on him. The reality of it that it is on himself that he is passing both the sentences, is umknown to him. However, we may notice that the gradual and increasing loss of Oedipus detachment and the growing references to himself raise the suspicion that unconciously Oedipus know what realit y lies surreptitious behind the appearance.Unlike Oedipus Rex, in Othello it is the machination of Iago that blurs the visiioon of Othello and deprives noble Moor to distinguish between reality and apprearence. Othello, together with several other characters largely depend on their visual faculties that is distorted and warped by the skillfull trickery of Iago. These character along with Othello base their conclusion about realities what apears to them and do not delve deep into the reality of the things. But unlike Oedipus their optical allusion is not result of something inherent in their charcter.Othello is intelligent enough that he knows that looks can be decieving but Iago trciker blinds him. For example, Othello notices that Cassio walks off fleetly after having a conversation with Desdemona. Although Othello does not see incongruity in their meeting but Iago presents this meeting differently and sneakily. Iago murmurs to Othello, I cannot think it, that he would splay awa y so guilty like. (lll,iii,42) Here the machination makes the vision of Othello illusory and he concludes erreaneously as he says, I do believe twas he. (lll,iii,44) But as a matter of fact, Cassio and Desdemona converse about getting Cassios job back as Desdemona says to Cassio I knowt. I thank you. You do love my lord /You have known him long and be you well assured He shall in strangeness stand no farther off Than in politic distance. (lll,iii,11) But Othello believes what he observed and percieved through the lenses of suspicion that iago sowed in his mind. This lead to a dilemma that becomes unfixanle later and ultimately leads to the tragedy of Othello.This is interesting to raze that all characters in the play, except for Roderigo (to whom Iago sometimes shows his real face) have a high opinion of Iago and refer to him as honest Iago. The Mutual relationship between Iago and Othello is of trust and reliance on the part of Othello but it is conniving and devious on the part of Iago. Iago has same relationship with Cassio. Cassio is also deceived by the seeming honor of Iago and actually believes that ensign is a kind-hearted man. But at the same time is a rival to Iago in the royal court.Unlike pride in Oedipus everyplace his abilities, it is element of trust that deprives Othello of his vision and makes him believe in appeareance as ultimate reality. Although when Iago starts working on Othello, he suspects him and asks for evidence, yet from the beginning of the play, he seems to have put entire confidence in the honesty of Iago, who had not been his companions in arms. This confidence is misplaced but it is no sign of stupidity in Othello. He does not have a distinctive fear of him. We find this even before Iago has set a trap for him.Othello fears the monster too hideous to be shown that he discerns about Iagos thoughts. This manifests a strange relationship based on paradoxical feelings. It is of confidence, trust and fear. But latter events sh ow that Othellos trust in Iago overpowers the instinctive fear. This happens due to Othellos non-meditative nature. He does not contemplate over issues and does not weigh their motive and consequences. A. C. Bradley rightly says in this regard The sources of danger in this character are revealed but too clearly by the story. In the first place, Othellos mind, for all its poetry, is very simple.He is not observant. His nature tends outward. He is kinda free from introspection, and is not given to reflection. Emotion excites his imagination, but it confuses and dulls his intellect. (p. 217) Above-mentioned arguments and supporting textual and extra-textual evidence clearly suggest that in Oedipus Rex, it is something habitual and internal in the chracter of Oedipus himself who is unable to distinguish between what seems to be and what actually is whereas it is an external element (Iago) as well as an internal element (his thorough trust on Iago) in Othello that leads to the optical i llusion.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Letters of application and complaint

Dear Dir. Orr I am writing with enthusiasm after discovering your Swim With Mike scholarship that provides fiscal resources for advanced education to physically challenged athletes so that they stinker overcome their tragedies and realize their full potential. The name of the scholarship is what really grabbed my attention, because I was a four course varsity swimmer for Blue Valley High School, and am now bound to a wheelchair. Swimming was one of the most Important things to me before my accident I have a rather diverse athletic background before I even thought of swimming to be my sport, I ere up as a football and baseball player.Winning tournaments, receiving trophies with my team mates , and earning medals was part of my childhood. It wasnt until highlights that I became a swimmer, and I walked onto the varsity team after the coach set forth my stroke as natural and the swimmers Joked that I was a prodigy. We won state that year and the following year. Being a part of that I nspired me to work harder than I ever Imagined possible. I Invested myself In and appear of season on a goal of breaking the civilizes 100 yard breaststroke record after ii of my mates came within a tenth of a second at the past two state championships.Lifting weights really helped me take my swimming to the next take because I was shorter than most of my competitors, my coach emphasized that I put on more(prenominal) lean muscle mass. After gaining 30 pounds of muscle in an a year and a half, I broke the school record by a second and a half at the state championship my higher-ranking year. There Is no better feeling than completing a goal that you have been focused on for years. Three weeks after I broke the school record, I dove into the ocean in Playa delCarmen, Mexico and broke virtuallything tragically different my 5th cervical vertebra. I am now paralyzed from the chest down, only when there is no way that I am going to let that stop me from accomplishing my goals and reaching my dreams, Just as I did in the pool some short time ago. This Is why the Swim With Mike scholarship would benefit me so well when I set a goal, I do what It takes and I never give up. I respectfully request your rumination of my enclosed application for the swim With Mike Scholarship. Sincerely, Alex Dear Icing Customer ServiceI would Like to file a complaint and better learn about the process for filing an appeal on a recent claim. I do a claim on May 1 5th, 2014 for a specialty commode shower chair costing $3,220, and was denied for the reason that Icing did not protrude it as being medically necessary. In the following paragraph I will explain why this shower chair is medically necessary overdue to the level of my injury. My morning routine consists of a steer using a sling and a powered lift Into my toilet for a bowel program. This can take anywhere from an hour to two hours.If I didnt have my shower chair I would have to transfer to my wheelchair, transfer to a shower bench, transfer back to my wheelchair, transfer onto a toilet, transfer back to my wheelchair again, and then finally transfer back into bed to change and finish my morning routine. This would take more than three hours. As a C-5 quadriplegic without full functionality of my arms, little functionality of my wrists, and no functionality of my fingers, trunk, or legs, doing six transfers would tire me out before I would even get out of my room to start the day.More importantly, with my limited mobility and no abdominal control or balance, its not possible for me to sit on a shower bench without falling. I have always been pleased with Icing and have been thankful for good insurance through this time of allowance since my injury on March 17th. This adjustment would be made easier if I could be reimbursed the $3,220. I respectfully submit my complaint of your denial of my claim for a shower chair and ask for your consideration of my unique situation and direction on filing an ap peal. Sincerely,

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Economic Globalization and Global Sustainable Development Essay

Topic To what extent is Economic globalization an obstacle or an opportunity for Global Sustainable Development?Introduction globalisation refers to the growing link between nations resulting from an increase in trade people and ideas in genius global market place. Globalisation is a concept that has its grow dating back to the ages of Karl Marx, Peter Dicken (2011). Globalisation has become a platform for some(prenominal) gameyly-developed an ontogenesis nation to engage in trade and investment related activities. Cross border investments and inter depicted object trades are the key elements of Globalisation. Globalisation was introduced in the global economy in mid 1980s . Introduction of globalisation has resulted the companies to lower the costs in particular in terms of transportation, communication and more(prenominal)over to analyze the stinting feasibility of the firms to setup different phases of their outturns around the globe based on their economic feasibility. Globalisation has been focus area of research for academic scholars from mid 1980s , Globalisation has been termed differently by different scholars. For some of the research scholars Globalization creates a positive technological, governmental or economic progress. For some of the scholars it creates a bureau of the developed nations over the developing nations. For some globalisation has changed the global business scenario in which the power of the state is defined by the power of firms. Globalisation has different types of features like economic, social, cultural, political and environmental features. Due to globalisation tremendous changes taken place in global trade and exchanges, and boundary less outside(a) integration which includes the internationalist migration, currency exchange, transfer of applied science and flow of ideas and information internationally.Globalisationalso initiates the change of industrial social systems which help to increase the power, producti vity, capacity and profitability of that firm. As a result of globalisation the internationalised enterprises depend on subsidiaries and strategic alliances which lead to the comparative and competitive advantage. The cultural taste and priorities also influenced by globalisation by global communication like email and internet. Taking the positive and negative side, challenges and opportunities, could say that globalisation has changed the ground system and the trends which is more likely to be move in future as comfortably. This will result the higher flow of the goods, crownwork, culture, people, technology, invention and function. One of the benefits of globalisation is increase in production and efficiency.Due to challenger among the markets may lead to improved division of labour. Competition among the markets also increase the production, output, higher wage level and break up living standards. When considering the problems of equity and diffusion it could be a burden to poor and developing countries that has to pay the burden of exclusion and marginalisation sharing the benefits of globalisation. So there is an essential of making market opt to the poor as well by decreasing the social barriers and help the poor countries to get along with the risks and shocks. Globalization has created a forward-looking potential for the evolution and wealth creations for the firms which can be analyzed based on different views mainly based on political, business and economist view.Political View tally to Ohmae 1995 and Scholte 2000 the idea about globalisation is bringing about the demise of sovereign national state as global forces undermine the ability of governments to control their witness economies and societies. In the world of Politics Globalization is termed as the widening deepening and ease of access of the world interconnectedness and the issues or the outcomes of these issues is in the study of world politics.Business ViewOn a business perspec tive globalisation refers to a wide range of business activities undertaken across national borders. Globalization has favoured stage set of business activities and drawn attentions of many business executives. According to Al-Rodhan 2006, Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities for business across national boundaries. Globalisation helps in declining in restrictions for the business to selling their products in other countries other than the home country. in that respect by helping business to sell their products internationally and lower prices according to consumer affordability.Economist viewAn economist view globalisation is defined as an economic interdependence of geographically distinct people. According to bomber (2008) explains that Globalisation is about movement of goods, resources and enterprises across national boundaries seeking cheaper resource s to maximize profit and efficiency The economic view of globalisation is closely linked to the political view. Political aspect of a country helps to facilitate the changes in the economic process of the country.Pons and cons of economic globalisationGlobalization can create conflicts at different levels, especially when the counties that benefit from globalization have been richer countries of OECD. There has been a wide range of economic disparities especially in case of income. Mainly with many of the Asian developing nations joining the club of richer countries and poorer countries of Africa and Latin American and some of the European nations going poorer. The problem of distribution of income remains the main challenge of Globalization. There are also many challenges that rooted because of the interdependence of the economies. The local economic crises and fluctuations of one country started affecting the economies of the other countries.One of the main examples being the fisc al crisis of Asia started in Thailand in 1998 and spread to other south east Asian nations and international financial systems. This was one of the biggest examples of financial vulnerability in the financial systems delinquent to globalization. Recent subprime mortgage crisis and subsequent economic recessions was one of the main examples of the inter connectednessof countries due to globalisation. These have also led to economic warfare and veritable(a) military actions in some cases. However on analyzing the recession of 2009 event though there has been a wide hit in the growth of gross domestic product in many countries the economies of china and India showed a strong positive sign and maintained a sturdy GDP growth which was a big run slay to all the critics of globalisations.Globalisation has been rise since the end of cold war. Developed economies as seen a wide jump in there GDP during these periods. But off late the scenario has changed the there has been a wide jump in the GDP of developing nations like India and China. Increase in Foreign Investments can be use as one measure of growing economic globalization. There has been a huge inflow of FDI into the developing economies of Asian countries. The specialisation of companies and people in creating goods and services in a globalized economy through global trade contribute to the highest prosperity but can lead to monotony because Globalisation creates monotony in production allocating production levels to the most suited regions. For example production of rice in a region would cause the soil to become in plenteous and creates an ecological imbalance.Another impact of globalization is the impact on sovereign countries, they have lost control over their economies and the power has moved to the developed nations, multinationals and international financial institutions. This highlights the fact that national sovereignty has been systematically undermined by the effects of globalisation. This impac t had a greater effect on the poorer and developing countries, Leading to an change magnitude cynicism among political elites and their citizenries. This has led for an increase in national sentiments, populism and protectionism among the citizens which in turn led to political movements against globalisation.The impact of globalisation can also become a scapegoat especially in case of failure of national policies like causing high unemployment and undermining social welfare during different phases of development. Globalisation has also created a great source of regional disparities which in turn has led to initiation of many warfare and destabilisation in many regions. For example they have created ethinic irredentism, wildness and regional conflicts like wars from Iraq to Afghanistan to horn of Africa. The interconnectedness of globalisation has also led to evolution of terrorism , environmental impactslike global warming etc.How globalization impacts sustainable development?Glo balisation is featured by both endogenous factors and exogenous factors i.e. Its is influenced by factors like the rise in technology as well as the decision making of the governments like the foreign trade easiness. According to Pearce and Barbier (2000) sustainable development contains three main components environment social and economic development. Globalization has impacted this entire factor. The recently published framework by OECD for sustainable development contains four main factors.Wider use of MarketsThey suggest increase the scope of grow use of market based approach to provide signals to internalise markets and social externalities in an efficient manner. On the environment side this is likely to involve more use of environmental taxes and subsidies.Strengthen decision Making ProcessSustainable development can be achieved at all levels by coordinating and change the effectiveness and efficiency of policy interventions. In other words this also states that the gover nments should integrate environmental and social policy needs into sectors and bring in transparency in policy design implementationHarness Science and TechnologyScientific advancements and technology are one of the major forces underlying in increasing productivity and living conditions of people. This imply that there is a need for the governments to spend more on the researches and technology enhancements.Manage Links to the Global economyThe developing countries should be more a major player in the global economic activities and international trade and investment flows are major concerns of sustainable development. passel and Investment flow need to be as compatible as possible with societys environmental and social policy objectives.The increasing interconnectedness both on the selling as well as on the market with the introduction of globalization has led to a sharp increase in the division of labour and a focus on the competencies of every individual at all the levels. Mult inational companies restrict to good and services offered at high quality at lower prices. The global trading of goods and services has led to a worldwide increase in production. According to world bank production of goods and services increase by 45% during the past decade due to the introduction of globalisation, The growth data mainly indicates from the developing economies like China, Brazil, India, Russia and South Africa. in particular in case of china with its huge population in manufacturing sector has met the majority of demand from the western world.Developing countries like India which was once a British colony mainly exporting Tea and cotton has become a global player in the international markets. The economic power revelations are travel away from strong holds of developed countries like US and EU states to developing nations like China Inda Brazil etc. Globalization has helped to reduce poverty initiation Bank estimates reveal that number of people who lived on less than one dollar a day decreased from 2.5 billion in 2004 to 260 million in 2007. This was mainly due to the poverty reduction in countries like India and China. At the same time we could see that there is wide increase in income oddmentThe anti-globalisation and the debateOne of the main challenges faced by globalisation is that it requires grater fight efforts among the developed countries and the poorer countries and the developing nations. Joint efforts are required for creating new political structure and restructuring existing structure in order to bring a sustainable economic globalisation. This is not an easy effort for the governments as it require a better clarity and transparency in our economic systems, appropriate accountability and above all a vast reserve of political will. The main challenges remain with distribution of income and equally distributing the gains of globalisation, In short the governments can choose two side approach to bring in a sustainable economi c development.Firstly by developing or improving the policies for domestic policy among developed nations and secondly by improving the systematic use and advancement in technology. This approach would especially help the economies of developing countries because they are more susceptible to global capital volatility. This would help them to rely less on foreign inflow of capital and start wealth within the economy. According to Dani Rodrik (2009). has emphasised the centrality of locally financed investment for the success of small, open developing economies, and hence there is a need for them to increase unavowed and public savings. Public spending among developing countries can, therefore, play a socially and economically efficientConclusionGlobalisation posses a deep reaching roots and also a force that helps to influence the direction of the nation. The aim of the globalisation is to remove all the difficulties and privatize all the resources and services. There are few facto rs that influenced the globalisation that includes the sophisticated communications, transportation technologies and services, migration and immigration and people started moving from places to places, a level of economic activity that helps to grow the market by combining the industrial markets and these international agreements helps to reduce the cost of doing business in foreign countries. Through this process of globalisation the world economy has integrated and increased. This integration helps to advance the trading of goods and services, the capital flow and made it easy for the migration of people across the world there by bringing in a sustainable economic development..In 1980s this word have been used when the internet and technology helped to increase, and faster the business across the world. For sure the globalisation has positives effect universally but there were reject against the WTO regarding the hazards of globalization. There were many anti globalisation moveme nts like the consumer boycotts on the goods produced by multinational companies. In Short it can be concluded that market liberalisation by itself does not solve all the problems, it has caused severe damages to poor nations. Globalisation is the key the factor in todays business world. The new era of Globalisation brings in new challenges and opportunities. I believe sustainable economic development can be achieved only by more participation from all the levels of the economy. It is advisable to consider all the factors like environmental factors, Employment factors when taking business decision regarding globalisation in an economy. Scientific use of technology and bringing a clear transparency in government governance would help the economy to bring in a sustainable economic development.ReferencesAggarwal, Raj, Colm Kearney and jennet Berrill, Defining and Classifying MNCs in International Business Implications for Research Design and Strategy Adams Jan 1997, Globalisation trade and the environment . In Globalization and Environment OECD Acker, Joan. 2004. Gender, Capitalism and Globalisation Critical Sociology 30 (1) 17-41 Connell, R. (2005). Change among the gatekeepers Men, masculinities and gender equality in the global arena. Signs journal of women in culture and society , 30(3), 1801- 1825. Clark, I., Globalization and Fragmentation International transaction in theTwentieth Century (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997)Freeman, Richard B. (2006), People Flows in Globalization diary of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 20, No. 2, Spring, p. 145-170.Friedman, Milton, Capitalism and Freedom (University of Chicago Press,Chicago, 1982), p.133.Germaine, R., ed., Globalization and Its Critics (London Macmillan, 1997). Gill, Stephen, Economic Globalization and the internationalisation ofAuthority Limits and Contradictions, Geoforum, 23 (1992), 269.Hall, Nigel 2002 Globalisation and Third World Poverty, paper presented to New Zealand Association of Social Wor kers annual conference, unpublishedMoghadam, Valentine. 1999. Gender and Globalisation Female Labor and WomensMobilization. Journal of World Systems Research V(2) 367 -388